{"id":48156,"date":"2022-03-29T12:24:35","date_gmt":"2022-03-29T16:24:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/learn\/organic-how-tos\/organic-livestock\/sheep-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-02-21T00:24:28","modified_gmt":"2023-02-21T04:24:28","slug":"cows","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/learn\/organic-how-tos\/organic-livestock\/cows\/","title":{"rendered":"Cows"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"48156\" class=\"elementor elementor-48156\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7d5d9d7b elementor-section-height-min-height masthead elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"7d5d9d7b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-46cb48b\" data-id=\"46cb48b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-73517243 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"73517243\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-403042bb\" data-id=\"403042bb\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6d151ea3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6d151ea3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Cows<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-19f771b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"19f771b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80fbcfd\" data-id=\"80fbcfd\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a32f266 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a32f266\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3>General Cow Care and Practices<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cfe9a7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-accordion\" data-id=\"cfe9a7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"accordion.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2181\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2181\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Basic Biology<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2181\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2181\"><ul><li>Average body temperature: 100.5 F\u00a0<\/li><li>Age of sexual maturity: 6 months\u00a0\u00a0<\/li><li>Heat cycle: 21 days<\/li><li>Gestation: 283 days (9 months)<\/li><li>Productive life: 10-12 years<\/li><li>Digestive system: Ruminant<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2182\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2182\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Types of Cattle<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2182\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2182\"><ul><li>Dairy: Cattle selectively bred to produce larger volumes of milk than their calves would consume.\u00a0<\/li><li>Beef: Cattle selectively bred to be heavily muscled, often with a lighter bone structure and faster growth curves than other breeds.\u00a0<\/li><li>Exotic: Cattle more closely aligned with their wild counterparts, such as water buffalo or American bison.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2183\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2183\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Life Stages<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2183\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2183\"><ul><li>Calf: Birth to weaning.\u00a0<\/li><li>Weanling: Average age of weaning is 4-6 months.<\/li><li>Heifer: Refers to a young, female cow of sexual maturity, but not yet milking. It is not recommended to breed heifers before 18 months of age because their bodies have not fully matured.\u00a0<\/li><li>Cow: Refers to female breeding-age bovine which have gone through their first lactation cycle.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2184\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2184\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Other Terms to Know<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2184\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2184\"><ul><li>Bull: Any individual of the species that exhibits male characteristics.\u00a0<\/li><li>Steer and oxen: Castrated males.\u00a0<\/li><li>Free martin: Any individual of the species that exhibits outward female characteristics, but does not have a complete reproductive tract and is therefore unable to reproduce.\u00a0<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2185\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2185\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Lambing<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2185\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2185\"><p>Provide adequate nutrition (pasture, high-quality forage or grains) to brood ewes during the last third of gestation and until their lambs are weaned. Allow ewes adequate space to move about freely during pregnancy. Check ewes regularly before, during and after lambing.<\/p><p>Some livestock managers choose to identify lambs with ear tags or tattoos at birth or soon after.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2186\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2186\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Housing Requirements<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2186\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"6\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2186\"><p>When managing the living conditions of your organic cattle, you must consider the following: \u201cAll livestock \u2026 must have year-round access to outdoor areas that provide shade, shelter, opportunity for exercise, fresh air, clean water for drinking, and direct sunlight\u201d (MOFGA Certification Services 2021, 23).<\/p><p>You have to consider the cow\u2019s anatomy and physiology in relation to their living conditions.\u00a0<\/p><ul><li>Ambient temperature and airflow are important things to monitor when dealing with ruminants. The action of the rumen creates heat, much like a compost pile, and it is more important to make sure adult cattle are not overheating. The optimum environmental temperature for peak production in adult dairy cattle is between 25 F and 65 F.<\/li><li>It is the natural inclination of cattle to lie down. This means they need both comfortable, well-bedded space to lay down and enough space to get back on their feet.\u00a0<\/li><li>Due to the size of the rumen, diet and demands created by milk production, adult cattle consume upwards of 30-plus gallons of water per day. Cows need a constant supply of water because of this.<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2187\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2187\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Grain and Mineral Requirements<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2187\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"7\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2187\"><p>While formulating a ration can be as simple or as complicated as a producer makes it, cattle should always have access to minerals in accordance with their life stage and production level.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-2188\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-2188\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon elementor-accordion-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-accordion-icon-opened\"><i class=\"fad fa-chevron-double-down\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-accordion-title\" tabindex=\"0\">Healthcare<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-2188\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"8\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-2188\"><p>Generally, cattle receiving adequate nutrition and housing remain healthy and problem-free. There are, however,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\\\/resources\/fact-sheets\/basic-care-of-cattle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">some common issues<\/a>\u00a0that arise despite the best of care. If cattle owners remain aware of these possibilities, they are more prepared to work with their veterinarian to put their animals on the road to recovery.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a38ea0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a38ea0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-weight: 400; margin-bottom: 1.75em;\">We also have a full list of\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\\\/resources\/fact-sheets\/basic-care-of-cattle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">best cattle practices<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0for all you need to know about raising cattle.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eed9ebe elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eed9ebe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">More Cow Resources<\/h3>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a6be49b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a6be49b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ca41d35\" data-id=\"ca41d35\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-91d6c03 elementor-grid-3 elementor-grid-tablet-2 elementor-grid-mobile-1 elementor-posts--thumbnail-top elementor-widget elementor-widget-posts\" data-id=\"91d6c03\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;classic_columns&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_tablet&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;classic_columns_mobile&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;classic_row_gap&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:35,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_tablet&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;classic_row_gap_mobile&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;px&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"posts.classic\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-posts-container elementor-posts elementor-posts--skin-classic elementor-grid\" role=\"list\">\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-36754 resources type-resources status-publish has-post-thumbnail hentry category-dairy tag-dairy-animals tag-raw-milk\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/considerations-for-raw-milk\/\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Raw-milk-filter-225x300.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-36760\" alt=\"Milk filter for raw milk\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Raw-milk-filter-225x300.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Raw-milk-filter.jpeg 720w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/div>\n\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/considerations-for-raw-milk\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tMilk as a Medium: Considerations for Raw Milk Production\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tMay 28, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>By Jacki Perkins The history of dairy consumption dates back nearly 5,000 years. Milk pasteurization has existed since 1862 and has become mainstream right along with the push for urbanization and the loss of agrarian lifestyles. One can find studies and articles arguing both sides of the pasteurization debate. What I would like to highlight<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/considerations-for-raw-milk\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Milk as a Medium: Considerations for Raw Milk Production\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22522 resources type-resources status-publish hentry category-dairy tag-community tag-dairy-animals\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/a-total-immersion-dairy-farm-apprenticeship-at-wolfes-neck-center\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tA Total Immersion Dairy Farm Apprenticeship at Wolfes Neck Center\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 10, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Left to right: Matt DeGrandpre (farm operations manager), Tierney Lawler (apprentice), Caitlin Morgan (apprentice), Big Cow, Haden Gooch (graduate apprentice, current journeyperson) and Corinne Carey (apprentice). Cows head out to pasture at Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center. Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center hosts about 50,000 visitors per year. Entrance to the milking parlor. By\u00a0Sonja\u00a0Heyck-Merlin Wolfe\u2019s Neck Center for Agriculture<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/a-total-immersion-dairy-farm-apprenticeship-at-wolfes-neck-center\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about A Total Immersion Dairy Farm Apprenticeship at Wolfes Neck Center\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22540 resources type-resources status-publish hentry category-dairy tag-dairy-animals\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/manos-o-machina\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tManos o Machina\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 10, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Toki Oshima illustration The decision to switch from hand to machine milking By Jacki M. Perkins Recently a question on a listserv for beginning farmers piqued my interest. When and why have any of you switched from hand milking to a machine?\u201d Having grown up milking cows commercially, been formally educated in dairying, then switching<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/manos-o-machina\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Manos o Machina\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22501 resources type-resources status-publish hentry category-dairy tag-dairy-animals\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/the-sweet-spot\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tThe Sweet Spot\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 10, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Drawing by Toki Oshima By&nbsp;Jacki&nbsp;Martinez Perkins The dairy industry has found itself in the same position that many small businesses encountered during the past few decades. Small farms are being driven out of business by the natural progression of capitalism. Large-scale dairies can operate at lower costs per cow, negotiate their price points and own<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/the-sweet-spot\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about The Sweet Spot\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22476 resources type-resources status-publish hentry category-dairy tag-dairy-animals tag-farmer-resources tag-goats\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/maine-agrability-addresses-cheese-making-at-appleton-creamery\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tMaine AgrAbility Addresses Cheese Making at Appleton Creamery\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 10, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Nearly every cheesemaking task requires strong hands and shoulders. The work surface height is important for musculoskeletal health. Alternate standing with sitting on a stool to reduce leg fatigue and lower back stress. The important thing is to be able to work without stooping. Larger handles protect finger joints and cartilage from stress. A fireman&#8217;s<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/maine-agrability-addresses-cheese-making-at-appleton-creamery\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Maine AgrAbility Addresses Cheese Making at Appleton Creamery\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<article class=\"elementor-post elementor-grid-item post-22376 resources type-resources status-publish hentry category-dairy tag-cattle tag-dairy-animals\" role=\"listitem\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__text\">\n\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-post__title\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/the-once-and-future-cow\/\" >\n\t\t\t\tThe Once and Future Cow\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__meta-data\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-date\">\n\t\t\tJanuary 10, 2021\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-post-avatar\">\n\t\t\tNo Comments\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-post__excerpt\">\n\t\t\t<p>Toki Oshima drawing By Joann S. Grohman Maine has the highest rate of new farmers in the 48 states; we&#8217;ve gained 1,000 just in the past 10 years. Many of these new farmers will, I hope, consider keeping one or several cows, as nearly everyone did until less than 100 years ago. Even in towns,<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<a class=\"elementor-post__read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mofga.org\/resources\/dairy\/the-once-and-future-cow\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about The Once and Future Cow\" tabindex=\"-1\" >\n\t\t\tRead More \u00bb\t\t<\/a>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e9040f6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e9040f6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c1d2a7b\" data-id=\"c1d2a7b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b51501 e-tabs-view-vertical elementor-layout-end elementor-widget elementor-widget-video-playlist\" data-id=\"8b51501\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;playlist_title&quot;:&quot;Cow Videos&quot;,&quot;tabs&quot;:[{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Health Exam- Cow&quot;,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=Tu2mvlW7Rmc&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;16:51&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/img.youtube.com\\\/vi\\\/Tu2mvlW7Rmc\\\/maxresdefault.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;b6aaa00&quot;,&quot;vimeo_url&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;is_external_url&quot;:null,&quot;hosted_url&quot;:null,&quot;external_url&quot;:null,&quot;section_html_tag&quot;:null,&quot;video_html_tag&quot;:&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_is_content_visible&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_content_1&quot;:null,&quot;inner_tab_content_2&quot;:null},{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Modern Dairy and Agriculture Policy&quot;,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=CuSvAYlV1Ew&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;1:26:47&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/img.youtube.com\\\/vi\\\/CuSvAYlV1Ew\\\/maxresdefault.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;1d022a4&quot;,&quot;vimeo_url&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;is_external_url&quot;:null,&quot;hosted_url&quot;:null,&quot;external_url&quot;:null,&quot;section_html_tag&quot;:null,&quot;video_html_tag&quot;:&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_is_content_visible&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_content_1&quot;:null,&quot;inner_tab_content_2&quot;:null},{&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Milking Stand&quot;,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=pMjY4j8tazY&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;2:36&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/img.youtube.com\\\/vi\\\/pMjY4j8tazY\\\/maxresdefault.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;6a2ab38&quot;,&quot;vimeo_url&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;is_external_url&quot;:null,&quot;hosted_url&quot;:null,&quot;external_url&quot;:null,&quot;section_html_tag&quot;:null,&quot;video_html_tag&quot;:&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_is_content_visible&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_content_1&quot;:null,&quot;inner_tab_content_2&quot;:null},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;7be4a19&quot;,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=O_vjxf-R6wY&quot;,&quot;vimeo_url&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Cow In Heat&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;0:46&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/img.youtube.com\\\/vi\\\/O_vjxf-R6wY\\\/maxresdefault.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;is_external_url&quot;:null,&quot;hosted_url&quot;:null,&quot;external_url&quot;:null,&quot;section_html_tag&quot;:null,&quot;video_html_tag&quot;:&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_is_content_visible&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_content_1&quot;:null,&quot;inner_tab_content_2&quot;:null},{&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;ed8d168&quot;,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:&quot;https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/watch?v=AchdmLinTXU&quot;,&quot;vimeo_url&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Giving a bolus&quot;,&quot;duration&quot;:&quot;4:03&quot;,&quot;thumbnail&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;http:\\\/\\\/img.youtube.com\\\/vi\\\/AchdmLinTXU\\\/maxresdefault.jpg&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;type&quot;:&quot;youtube&quot;,&quot;is_external_url&quot;:null,&quot;hosted_url&quot;:null,&quot;external_url&quot;:null,&quot;section_html_tag&quot;:null,&quot;video_html_tag&quot;:&quot;h4&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_is_content_visible&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_content_1&quot;:null,&quot;inner_tab_content_2&quot;:null}],&quot;inner_tab_title_1&quot;:&quot;Tab #1&quot;,&quot;inner_tab_title_2&quot;:&quot;Tab #2&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video-playlist.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs\" role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-playlist-8b51501\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-main-area\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-header\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"e-tabs-title\" id=\"e-playlist-8b51501\">Cow Videos<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-header-right-side\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tabs-videos-count\">5 Videos<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-tabs-toggle-videos-display-button rotate-down eicon-caret-down\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-items-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-items\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-title-1461\" class=\"e-tab-title e-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"true\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-controls=\"e-tab-content-1461\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tab-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/Tu2mvlW7Rmc\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Health Exam- Cow\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-play\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-play-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-watched\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"e-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\">Health Exam- Cow<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tab-duration\">16:51<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-title-1462\" class=\"e-tab-title e-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-tab-content-1462\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tab-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/CuSvAYlV1Ew\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Modern Dairy and Agriculture Policy\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-play\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-play-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-watched\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"e-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\">Modern Dairy and Agriculture Policy<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tab-duration\">1:26:47<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-title-1463\" class=\"e-tab-title e-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-tab-content-1463\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tab-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/pMjY4j8tazY\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Milking Stand\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-play\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-play-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-watched\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"e-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\">Milking Stand<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tab-duration\">2:36<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-title-1464\" class=\"e-tab-title e-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-tab-content-1464\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tab-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/O_vjxf-R6wY\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Cow In Heat\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-play\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-play-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-watched\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"e-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\">Cow In Heat<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tab-duration\">0:46<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-title-1465\" class=\"e-tab-title e-tab-desktop-title\" aria-selected=\"false\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tab\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-controls=\"e-tab-content-1465\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tab-thumbnail\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/img.youtube.com\/vi\/AchdmLinTXU\/maxresdefault.jpg\" alt=\"Giving a bolus\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-play\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-play-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-watched\"><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-check-circle\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"e-tab-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<button type=\"button\">Giving a bolus<\/button>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"e-tab-duration\">4:03<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"shadow shadow-top\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"shadow shadow-bottom\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-content-wrapper\" role=\"tablist\" aria-orientation=\"vertical\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-content-1461\" class=\"e-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-tab-title-1461\" tabindex=\"0\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Tu2mvlW7Rmc\" data-video-type=\"youtube\" data-video-title=\"Health Exam- Cow\" data-video-duration=\"16:51\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-content-1462\" class=\"e-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-tab-title-1462\" tabindex=\"0\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=CuSvAYlV1Ew\" data-video-type=\"youtube\" data-video-title=\"Modern Dairy and Agriculture Policy\" data-video-duration=\"1:26:47\" hidden=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-content-1463\" class=\"e-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-tab-title-1463\" tabindex=\"0\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=pMjY4j8tazY\" data-video-type=\"youtube\" data-video-title=\"Milking Stand\" data-video-duration=\"2:36\" hidden=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-content-1464\" class=\"e-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-tab-title-1464\" tabindex=\"0\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=O_vjxf-R6wY\" data-video-type=\"youtube\" data-video-title=\"Cow In Heat\" data-video-duration=\"0:46\" hidden=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"e-tab-content-1465\" class=\"e-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"e-tab-title-1465\" tabindex=\"0\" data-video-url=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=AchdmLinTXU\" data-video-type=\"youtube\" data-video-title=\"Giving a bolus\" data-video-duration=\"4:03\" hidden=\"hidden\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"e-tabs-inner-tabs\" >\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c44301\" data-id=\"8c44301\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-560f507 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"560f507\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-113e13a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"113e13a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\" style=\"font-size: var( --e-global-typography-accent-font-size ); font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; margin-bottom: 0px; line-height: 1; text-transform: none; font-family: 'Roboto Slab', sans-serif;\">Ask an Organic Specialist<\/h4><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>Ask\u00a0<a href=\"mailto:jperkins@mofga.org\"><strong>Jacki Martinez Perkins<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0questions about organic dairy\/livestock management production and certification requirements.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Cows General Cow Care and Practices Basic Biology Average body temperature: 100.5 F\u00a0 Age of sexual maturity: 6 months\u00a0\u00a0 Heat cycle: 21 days Gestation: 283 days (9 months) Productive life: 10-12 years Digestive system: Ruminant Types of Cattle Dairy: Cattle selectively bred to produce larger volumes of milk than their calves would consume.\u00a0 Beef: Cattle [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":0,"parent":16334,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"no-sidebar","site-content-layout":"page-builder","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"default","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-48156","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the 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